安防重(zhong)慶監控系統組成原理幫您加強安防(fang)(fang)監控系統是一(yi)(yi)門被人(ren)們日(ri)益重視的新興專業(ye)，就(jiu)目前(qian)發展看，應(ying)用普及越來(lai)越廣，科技(ji)含量(liang)越來(lai)越高。幾乎所有高新科技(ji)都可(ke)促進其(qi)發展，尤其(qi)是信(xin)息時代的來(lai)臨(lin)，更為該專業(ye)發展提供契機。但就(jiu)監控業(ye)界而(er)言，系統組成一(yi)(yi)直沒得到明(ming)確的劃分，這使(shi)工程(cheng)商和用戶之間談到安防(fang)(fang)監控系統時溝(gou)通很不方便(bian)。

安防重慶監(jian)控系統

　　對(dui)于(yu)安(an)防重慶監控(kong)系統(tong)(tong)，根據系統(tong)(tong)各部(bu)(bu)分(fen)功能的不同(tong)，我們將整個(ge)安(an)防監控(kong)系統(tong)(tong)劃(hua)分(fen)為七層(ceng)(ceng)——表現層(ceng)(ceng)、控(kong)制(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)、處理層(ceng)(ceng)、傳輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)、執行層(ceng)(ceng)、支撐層(ceng)(ceng)、采(cai)集層(ceng)(ceng)。當然，由(you)于(yu)設備集成化越來越高，對(dui)于(yu)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)系統(tong)(tong)而言(yan)，某些設備可能會同(tong)時以多個(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)的身(shen)份存在于(yu)系統(tong)(tong)中。

　　一、表現層(ceng)

　　表現城是我們最直觀(guan)感受到的，它展(zhan)現了整個安(an)防監(jian)控系統(tong)的品質。如(ru)監(jian)控電(dian)視墻、監(jian)視器、高音報警(jing)喇叭、報警(jing)自(zi)動駁接電(dian)話等(deng)等(deng)都屬于(yu)這一(yi)層。

　　二、控制層

　　控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是(shi)(shi)整個(ge)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)核心，它是(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)科技(ji)水平的(de)最明確體現。通常(chang)我(wo)們(men)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式有兩種(zhong)(zhong)——模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)早期的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式，其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺(tai)通常(chang)由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器或者模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩(ju)陣構(gou)成，適用于(yu)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)局部(bu)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，這種(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式成本(ben)較低，故障率較小(xiao)。但(dan)對于(yu)中大(da)型(xing)(xing)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)而言，這種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式就顯(xian)得操(cao)作復雜且無任何價(jia)格優勢了(le)，這時我(wo)們(men)更為(wei)明智的(de)選擇應(ying)該(gai)是(shi)(shi)數字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)算機作為(wei)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核心，它將(jiang)復雜的(de)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操(cao)作變(bian)為(wei)簡單(dan)的(de)鼠標點擊操(cao)作，將(jiang)巨大(da)的(de)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器堆疊縮小(xiao)為(wei)一個(ge)工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計(ji)算機，將(jiang)復雜而數量龐大(da)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電纜變(bian)為(wei)一根(gen)串行電話線。它將(jiang)中遠程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變(bian)為(wei)事(shi)實(shi)、為(wei)Internet遠程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提(ti)供可能(neng)。但(dan)數字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也不是(shi)(shi)那么十(shi)全(quan)(quan)十(shi)美，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主機的(de)價(jia)格十(shi)分(fen)昂貴、模(mo)塊(kuai)浪(lang)費(fei)的(de)情況、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)可能(neng)出現全(quan)(quan)線崩(beng)潰的(de)危機、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較為(wei)滯后等等問(wen)題(ti)仍然存在。

　　三、處理層

　　處理(li)(li)(li)層或(huo)許(xu)該稱(cheng)為(wei)音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)處理(li)(li)(li)層，它(ta)將有傳輸層送(song)過來的(de)音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)信號加以分配、放大(da)、分割等(deng)等(deng)處理(li)(li)(li)，有機的(de)將表現層與控制(zhi)層加以連接。音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)分配器(qi)、音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)放大(da)器(qi)、視(shi)頻(pin)分割器(qi)、音(yin)(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)切換(huan)器(qi)等(deng)等(deng)設(she)備都屬于(yu)這一層。

　　四、傳輸(shu)層(ceng)

　　傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)相當(dang)于(yu)安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)血脈。在小型安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，我(wo)們最常見的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)設備是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)視頻線、音(yin)頻線，對于(yu)中遠(yuan)程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而(er)言，我(wo)們常使(shi)(shi)用的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)射(she)頻線、微(wei)(wei)波，對于(yu)遠(yuan)程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)而(er)言，我(wo)們通常使(shi)(shi)用Internet這(zhe)一(yi)廉價載體(ti)。值得一(yi)提的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，新出現的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)介質(zhi)——網線/光纖(xian)。大多數(shu)(shu)(shu)人在數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)上存在一(yi)個(ge)誤區(qu)，他們認(ren)為控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)層(ceng)使(shi)(shi)用的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)了(le)，其實不然。純(chun)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)介質(zhi)一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)網線或光纖(xian)。信號從采集層(ceng)出來時，就(jiu)已(yi)經調制(zhi)成(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)信號了(le)，數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)信號在目前已(yi)趨成(cheng)熟的(de)網絡上跑，理論上是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)衰減(jian)的(de)，這(zhe)就(jiu)保證遠(yuan)程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)圖像的(de)無(wu)損(sun)失顯示，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)模擬傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)無(wu)法(fa)比擬的(de)。當(dang)然，高性能的(de)回報也需要(yao)高成(cheng)本的(de)投入，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)純(chun)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)無(wu)法(fa)普及(ji)最重要(yao)的(de)原(yuan)因之一(yi)。

　　五、執行層

　　執行(xing)層(ceng)是我(wo)們控(kong)(kong)制指令(ling)的命令(ling)對(dui)象，在(zai)某些(xie)時候，它和我(wo)們后面所說的支撐誠、采集層(ceng)不太好截然分開，我(wo)們認為(wei)受控(kong)(kong)對(dui)象即為(wei)執行(xing)層(ceng)設備。比如：云臺(tai)、鏡頭(tou)、解碼器、球等等。

　　六、支撐(cheng)層

　　顧名思義，支撐層是用于(yu)后(hou)端(duan)設備(bei)的支撐，保(bao)護和支撐采集層、執行層設備(bei)。它包括支架、防護罩(zhao)等等輔助(zhu)設備(bei)。

　　七、采集層

　　采集層是整個安防(fang)監控系(xi)(xi)統品(pin)質好壞(huai)的(de)關鍵(jian)因素，也是系(xi)(xi)統成本開銷最(zui)大的(de)地方。它包括鏡頭、攝像(xiang)機、報警傳感器等等。

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